V2EX well-ordering theorem

Well-Ordering Theorem

Definition / 释义

良序定理:任意非空集合都可以被赋予一种“良序”(well-order)关系,使得该集合的每个非空子集都有一个最小元素。它在集合论中与选择公理等价(在常见公理体系 ZF 中,加入选择公理 ZFC 后可证明)。

Pronunciation / 发音(IPA)

/wl rdr θirm/

Examples / 例句

Every set can be well-ordered, according to the well-ordering theorem.
根据良序定理,每个集合都可以被良序化。

Assuming the axiom of choice, the well-ordering theorem implies that even the real numbers admit a well-order, though it is highly non-constructive.
在假设选择公理的前提下,良序定理推出:甚至实数也存在某种良序,但这种结论往往是高度“非构造性”的。

Etymology / 词源

well-ordering 由 *well-*(“良好地/完善地”)+ ordering(“排序/序”)构成,强调一种特殊的“序”:不仅能比较先后,而且要求任何非空子集都能找到最小元素theorem 来自希腊语 theōrēma(“可被证明的命题/定理”)。该术语在近代集合论发展中固定下来,用于表达与选择公理密切关的一条核心结论。

Related Words / 相关词汇

In Literature / 文献与著作中的出现

  • Ernst Zermelo, Beweis, dass jede Menge wohlgeordnet werden kann(1904):提出并证明“每个集合都可良序化”的经典论文。
  • Thomas Jech, Set Theory:系统讨论良序、序数、以及良序定理与选择公理的等价性。
  • Paul R. Halmos, Naive Set Theory:以较入门的方式介绍良序与相关集合论思想。
  • Bertrand Russell & Alfred N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica:在逻辑与集合论框架下涉及序与选择相关内容(不同表述体系中出现)。
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