V2EX plum pudding model

Plum Pudding Model

释义 Definition

“葡萄干布丁模型;汤姆孙原子模型”:一种早期的原子结构假说(约1904年提出),认为原子是一个带正电的“均匀电荷团”,电子(负电)像“葡萄干”一样嵌在其中,使整体呈电中性。它后来被“核式模型”(如卢瑟福模型)所取代。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/plm pd md()l/(美式)
/plm pd md()l/(英式)

例句 Examples

The plum pudding model was an early attempt to describe the atom.
“葡萄干布丁模型”是对原子结构的一种早期解释尝试。

Although the plum pudding model explained overall neutrality, it could not account for the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.
尽管“葡萄干布丁模型”能解释原子整体电中性,但它无法解释卢瑟福金箔实验的结果。

词源 Etymology

该术语由物理学家 J. J. Thomson 在20世纪初提出,用一种英国传统甜点 plum pudding(布丁里夹杂葡萄干/干果)作类比:把电子比作“果干”,把带正电的部分比作“布丁体”。由于后续实验支持“原子中心有致密原子核”,这一模型逐渐退出主流理论,但作为科学史上的重要阶段仍被广泛提及。

相关词 Related Words

文学/著作中的出现 Literary Works

  • J. J. Thomson, “On the Structure of the Atom”(1904,发表于 Philosophical Magazine
  • Ernest Rutherford, “The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom”(1911,发表于 Philosophical Magazine,讨论并推动替代早期原子模型)
  • Niels Bohr, “On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules”(1913,发表于 Philosophical Magazine,在原子模型演进脉络中常与汤姆孙模型对照提及)
  • 各类经典物理教材(如普通物理/现代物理章节常以“plum pudding model”作为原子理论史的起点之一)
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