V2EX gold foil experiment

Gold Foil Experiment

释义 Definition

“金箔实验”(又常称“卢瑟福金箔散射实验”):指 20 世纪初用 α 粒子轰击极薄金箔、观察散射角度分布的经典实验。其关键结论是:原子内部大部分空间是空的,正电荷与几乎全部质量集中在一个很小的原子核中,从而推翻了“葡萄干布丁模型”,奠定了核式原子模型的基础。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/old fl kspermnt/

例句 Examples

The gold foil experiment showed that most alpha particles passed straight through the foil.
金箔实验显示,大多数 α 粒子会直接穿过金箔。

By analyzing the rare but dramatic deflections in the gold foil experiment, Rutherford proposed a tiny, dense nucleus at the center of the atom.
通过分析金箔实验中少数但显著的偏转现象,卢瑟福提出原子中心存在一个微小而致密的原子核。

词源 Etymology

该短语由 “gold foil(金箔)” + “experiment(实验)”组成,字面意思是“金箔实验”。历史上它特指 1909 年前后由盖革(Geiger)与马斯登(Marsden)在卢瑟福(Rutherford)指导下进行的散射实验,因此也常与 “Rutherford scattering(卢瑟福散射)”并称或互指。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著中的用例 Literary Works

  • Ernest Rutherford, “The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom” (Philosophical Magazine, 1911)(常在后世被概括为金箔实验的理论阐释与结果背景)
  • Hans Christian rsted Institute / Niels Bohr 相关回忆与早期原子理论史著作中对该实验的讨论(常以“Rutherford’s gold-foil experiment”指代)
  • 经典物理教材:如 Halliday, Resnick and Walker: Fundamentals of PhysicsSerway & Jewett: Physics for Scientists and Engineers(通常在原子结构章节介绍该实验)
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