V2EX photoelectric effect

Photoelectric Effect

定义 Definition

光电效应:当光照射到金属等材料表面时,材料会发射出电子(称为光电子)的现象。它揭示了光的量子特性(光可以以“光子”的形式传递能量)。此词也常泛指与光照引发电信号相关的现象(更广义用法)。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/fotolktrk fkt/

例句 Examples

The photoelectric effect shows that light can eject electrons from a metal surface.
光电效应表明,光可以把电子从金属表面打出来。

Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by proposing that light comes in packets of energy called photons.
爱因斯坦通过提出“光由称为光子的能量包组成”来解释光电效应。

词源 Etymology

由 **photo-**(源自希腊语 *phōs/phōt-*,意为“光”)+ electric(与“电”相关)+ effect(“效应/结果”)构成,字面意思就是“由光引起的电学效应”。该术语在19世纪末的实验研究背景下逐渐固定,并在20世纪初因量子理论而广为人知。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著作品 Literary Works

  • Albert Einstein, “On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light”(1905)用光量子观点解释光电效应。
  • Robert A. Millikan, “A Direct Photoelectric Determination of Planck’s ‘h’”(1916)通过实验精密验证光电效应关系式。
  • Richard P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics 在现代物理入门讲解中系统讨论光电效应与量子概念。
  • Max Planck, Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers / 相关论文与回忆录涉及量子思想背景,与光电效应的理论发展密切相关。
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