V2EX photoelectron

Photoelectron

定义 Definition

photoelectron(光电子):指物质吸收光子(常为紫外光或X射线)后,被激发并从原子、分子或固体表面逸出的电子。常见于光电效应光电子能谱(PES)等语境。(在不同学科中也可泛指由光致发射产生的电子。)

发音 Pronunciation

/fotolktrn/

例句 Examples

A photoelectron is emitted when light hits the metal surface.
当光照到金属表面时,会发射出一个光电子。

By measuring the kinetic energy of each photoelectron, scientists can infer the binding energies of electrons in a material and identify its chemical states.
通过测量每个光电子的动能,科学家可以推断材料中电子的束缚能,并识别其化学态。

词源 Etymology

该词由 **photo-**(“光”,源自希腊语 *phōs/phōt-*,意为“光”)与 electron(“电子”,源自希腊语 ēlektron,原指“琥珀”,因静电现象得名)组合而成,字面意思即“由光产生/释放的电子”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary & Notable Works

  • Albert Einstein, On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light(1905):讨论光量子思想与光电效应机理,为理解光致电子发射奠定基础。
  • Robert A. Millikan, A Direct Photoelectric Determination of Planck’s “h”(1916):通过光电实验精确测定普朗克常数,涉及光电子动能的测量与解释。
  • Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics:在固体能带与实验表征相关章节中,常以光电子发射/能谱为例说明电子能级信息的获取。
  • Stephen Hüfner, Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications:系统介绍光电子能谱原理与应用,是该术语高频出现的经典专著。
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