V2EX cup product

Cup Product

释义 Definition

杯积(cup product):代数拓扑中(尤其在上同调里)一种把两个上同调类“相乘”的运算,生成一个更高次数的上同调类,从而让上同调群带上类似“乘法”的结构(称为上同调环)。在不同语境下也可指更一般的(上)链/上同调层面的乘积运算。

发音 Pronunciation

/kp prdkt/

例句 Examples

The cup product combines two cohomology classes into one.
杯积把两个上同调类合成为一个。

Using the cup product, we can compute the cohomology ring and detect geometric information that the groups alone do not show.
借助杯积,我们可以计算上同调环,并发现仅靠上同调群本身看不出来的几何信息。

词源 Etymology

cup 在这里不是“杯子”本身的日常含义,而是来自早期拓扑学家对某种“配对/拼接”式乘法的形象命名;product 表示“乘积/乘法运算”。合起来 cup product 就指上同调中的一种标准“乘法”。(相关的对偶概念常称为 cap product“帽积/帽乘”。)

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology(《代数拓扑》)系统介绍杯积与上同调环结构
  • James R. Munkres, Elements of Algebraic Topology(《代数拓扑基础》)在上同调章节讨论杯积
  • Glen E. Bredon, Topology and Geometry(《拓扑与几何》)用杯积刻画拓扑不变量
  • J. McCleary, A User’s Guide to Spectral Sequences(《谱序列使用指南》)涉及与乘积结构相容的讨论
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