1. 美南加州大一研究揭露，植物利用生理及特定蛋白， ABF3付境力，提供了抗乾旱及土壤分作物的新方法。研究基改作物路，在上能提高面候的抵抗能力及量。
A USC study reveals that plants use their circadian clocks and a specific protein, ABF3, to manage environmental stress, offering new approaches to develop crops resistant to drought and soil salinity. This research paves the way for genetically improved crops, potentially boosting resilience and yield in the face of climate change.
Recent research reveals that plants employ their internal circadian rhythms to adapt to fluctuations in water availability and salt levels, presenting a novel strategy for developing crops that can withstand drought conditions.
最近的研究揭露，植物利用其部夜律，可用水分及分含量的波。能得起乾旱件的作物，提供了一新策略。
Climate change is currently impacting agricultural productivity and could eventually pose a considerable risk to global food security. Developing crops that are more resilient, capable of withstanding conditions such as drought or elevated soil salinity, is becoming an urgent need.
目前，候正在影生力，且最可能全球食安全，成相大的。更有力、能得起如乾旱或土壤分升高等件的作物，正成一迫切需求。
A new study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, reveals details about how plants regulate their responses to stress that may prove crucial to those efforts. Researchers found that plants use their circadian clocks to respond to changes in external water and salt levels throughout the day.
一自美南加州大克院，部分由美家生研究院所助的新研究，揭露了有植物如何其力，至重要反的。研究人，植物利用其生理，全天外部水分及分含量的化作出反。
That same circuitry—an elegant feedback loop controlled by a protein known as ABF3—also helps plants adapt to extreme conditions such as drought. The results were recently published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
那同的路系(一由被通ABF3蛋白控制的佳反路)也有助於，植物如乾旱等端件。此些研究果，最近表於《美家科院院刊》。
“The bottom line is plants are stuck in place. They can’t run around and grab a drink of water. They can’t move into the shade when they want to or away from soil that has excess salt. Because of that, they’ve evolved to use their circadian clocks to exquisitely measure and adapt to their environment,” said the study’s senior author, Steve A. Kay, PhD, University and Provost Professor of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Quantitative Computational Biology at the Keck School of Medicine and Director of the USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience.
研究深撰文人，美南加州大克院神病、生物工程及定量算生物的大暨教教授，兼南加州大克融合生物科中心主任，Steve A. Kay博士宣：「是植物被固定於原地。它法到吸收水分。想入，或含分多的土壤，它法移。因那，它已演化出使用生理，精及其境。」
2.南芥幼苗，在水分力作出反，使生理信息基因表的生物光影像。
Bioluminescent image of Arabidopsis seedlings expressing circadian clock reporter genes in response to water stress.
The findings build on a long line of research from Kay’s lab on the role of circadian clock proteins in both plants and animals. Clock proteins, which regulate biological changes over the course of the day, may provide a shrewd solution to an ongoing challenge in crop engineering.
此些研究，以自Kay的室，生理蛋白，在、植物者中之角色的期研究基。在一天的程中，生物化的蛋白，可能作物上持存在的挑，提供一精明的解方案。
Creating drought-resistant plants is difficult, because plants respond to stress by slowing their own growth and development—an overblown stress response means an underperforming plant.
造抗旱植物是困的。因，植物藉由自身的生及育，力作出反。度的力反意味著，植物表不佳。
“There’s a delicate balance between boosting a plant’s stress tolerance while maximizing its growth and yield,” Kay said. “Solving this challenge is made all the more urgent by climate change.”
Kay宣：「在增植物的力耐受性最大化其生及量，有一脆弱的平衡。候使得解挑，得更加迫。」
Previous plant biology research showed that clock proteins regulate about 90% of genes in plants and are central to their responses to temperature, light intensity and day length, including seasonal changes that determine when they flower.
先前的植物生物研究示，生理蛋白植物中大90%的基因，且於植物度、光度及日照度之反是重要部分，包括定植物何花的季化。
But one big outstanding question was whether and how clock proteins control the way plants handle changing water and soil salinity levels.
不，一未解的大是，生理蛋白是否及如何控制，植物水分土壤分含量化的方式。
To explore the link, Kay and his team studied Arabidopsis, a plant commonly used in research because it is small, has a rapid life cycle, a relatively simple genome and shares common traits and genes with many agricultural crops.
了探索此性，Kay及其研究了南芥。是一常被用於研究的植物。因它小，具有迅速的生命期，基因相且多作物，共同具有共同的特徵及基因。
They created a library of all of the more than 2000 Arabidopsis transcription factors, which are proteins that control the way genes are expressed under different circumstances.
他建了一，南芥在不同情下，控制基因表方式，全多於2千蛋白的因子。
Transcription factors can provide key insights about regulation of biological processes. The researchers then built a data analysis pipeline to analyze each transcription factor and search for associations.
因子能提供，有生物化程的重要察力。之後，此些研究人建立了一分析途，分析每一因子，找性。
“We got a really big surprise: that many of the genes the clock was regulating were associated with drought responses,” Kay said, particularly those controlling the hormone abscisic acid, a type of stress hormone that plants produce when water levels are very high or very low.
Kay宣：「我得了一非常大的：亦即，生物的多基因，乾旱反有所。」特是，那些控制落酸激素的基因。落酸是水分含量非常高或非常低，植物生的一力荷蒙。
The analysis revealed that abscisic acid levels are controlled by clock proteins as well as the transcription factor ABF3 in what Kay calls a “homeostatic feedback loop.”
分析揭露了，在Kay“平衡的反路”中，落酸含量，除了因子ABF3之外，也由蛋白所控制。
Over the course of a day, clock proteins regulate ABF3 to help plants respond to changing water levels, then ABF3 feeds information back to clock proteins to keep the stress response in check. That same loop helps plants adapt when conditions become extreme, for instance during a drought. Genetic data also revealed a similar process for handling changes in soil salinity levels.
在一天的程中，生理蛋白ABF3，以助植物化之水分含量，然後ABF3信息回到生理蛋白，控制力反。件得端，譬如在乾旱期，同的路有助於植物。也揭露了，理土壤分含量化的似程。
“What’s really special about this circuit is that it allows the plant to respond to external stress while keeping its stress response under control, so that it can continue to grow and develop,” Kay said.
Kay宣：「有此路的真正特殊是，它使植物得以外部力作出反，同保持其力反於控制下，以便使植物能生及育。」
The findings point to two new approaches that may help boost crop resilience. For one, agricultural breeders can search and select for naturally occurring genetic diversity in the circadian ABF3 circuit that gives plants a slight edge in responding to water and salinity stress. Even a small increase in resilience could substantially improve crop yield on a large scale.
此些研究指出了，可能有助於增作物力的新方法。例，在夜律的ABF3路中，育者能搜及，在水分及分力上，予植物微之自然生的多性。在力方面，即使小幅提高，上也能大幅改善作物量。
Kay and his colleagues also plan to explore a genetic modification approach, using CRISPR to engineer genes that promote ABF3 in order to design highly drought-resistant plants.
了高度抗旱的植物，Kay及其同僚也探索一，使用群聚、律性隔的短文(CRISPR：Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat)工程改造，促ABF3的基因改造方法。
“This could be a significant breakthrough in thinking about how to modulate crop plants to be more drought resistant,” Kay said.
Kay宣：「在思考如何作物成更抗旱上，或是一重大突破。」
址：https://scitechdaily.com/engineering-the-super-plants-of-tomorrow-the-key-lies-in-circadian-rhythms/
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