V2EX tumor suppressor

Tumor Suppressor

Definition / 定义

肿瘤抑制因子(常指“肿瘤抑制基因”或其产物):在正常细胞中帮助阻止细胞异常增殖、促进DNA修复或触发细胞凋亡的机制/基因/蛋白质;当其功能缺失或突变时,患癌风险会增加。(该词在生物医学语境中最常见)

Pronunciation / 发音

/tumr sprsr/

Examples / 例句

Tumor suppressors help keep cell growth under control.
肿瘤抑制因子有助于将细胞生长控制在正常范围内。

Mutations that disable a tumor suppressor gene can remove critical “brakes” on the cell cycle, increasing the likelihood of cancer over time.
使肿瘤抑制基因失活的突变可能会解除细胞周期的关键“刹车”,从而随着时间推移提高患癌概率。

Etymology / 词源

tumor 源自拉丁语 tumor,意为“肿胀、肿块”;suppressor 来自 suppress(压制、抑制)加后缀 -or(表示“执行某动作的人/物”)。组合起来字面意思就是“抑制肿瘤的因素”,现代多用于描述能阻止肿瘤发生或发展的基因/蛋白等。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer(Siddhartha Mukherjee)
  • The Gene: An Intimate History(Siddhartha Mukherjee)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell(Bruce Alberts 等)
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