V2EX time constant

Time Constant

Definition / 定义

time constant(时间常数):在物理与工程中表示系统对变化作出反应的“典型时间尺度”。最常见于一阶系统(如 RC 电路、热系统、简单控制系统):在阶跃输入下,输出经过 1 个时间常数 τ 时,通常达到最终变化量的约 **63.2%**(或衰减到约 **36.8%**)。

Pronunciation / 发音

/tam knstnt/

Examples / 例句

The RC circuit has a time constant of 0.5 seconds.
这个 RC 电路的时间常数是 0.5 秒。

Because the sensor’s time constant is large, the measured temperature lags behind rapid changes in the environment.
由于传感器的时间常数较大,测得的温度会滞后于环境的快速变化。

Etymology / 词源

time 源自古英语 tīma(时间、时刻);constant 源自拉丁语 constans(坚定的、不变的)。组合成 time constant,直译为“在时间尺度上保持固定的量”,用来指代描述系统动态快慢的固定参数(常写作 τ,读作 “tau”)。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • The Art of Electronics(Horowitz & Hill):在电路分析中频繁讨论 RC/RL 的 time constant
  • Control Systems Engineering(Norman S. Nise):在一阶系统与阶跃响应章节系统讲解 time constant
  • Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems(Franklin, Powell, Emami-Naeini):用 time constant 描述系统动态特性与响应速度。
  • Introduction to Electrodynamics(David J. Griffiths):在某些瞬态过程与指数型衰减/增长的语境中涉及相关“时间尺度(time constant)”概念。
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