《 Effective Modern C++》真是本好书，，讲的深入浅出，非常清晰
decltype
Given a name or an expression, decltype tells you the name’s or the expression’s type
const int i = 0; // decltype(i) is const int bool f(const Widget& w); // decltype(w) is const Widget& // decltype(f) is bool(const Widget&) template<typename T> class vector { public: T& operator[](std::size_t index); }; vector<int> v; // decltype(v) is vector<int> // decltype(v[0]) is int& 如何查看 decltype(f)、decltype(v[0])的值？
template<typename T> class TD; // Type Displayer TD<decltype(v[0])> x; 编译如上代码，编译器会报错如下：
error: aggregate 'TD<int&> x' has incomplete type and cannot be defined 由此可知 decltype(v[0])的结果是int&
decltype(auto)
auto specifies that the type is to be deduced, and decltype says that decltype rules should be used during the deduction
template<typename Container, typename Index> decltype(auto) authAndAccess(Container& c, Index i) { authenticateUser(); return c[i]; } 这里之所以使用 decltype(auto)而不是 auto，是因为绝大多数 containers-of-T 的[]运算符返回 T&，用 auto 的话会丢失&属性
decltype((name))
if an lvalue expression other than a name has type T, decltype reports that type as T&
int x = 3; // decltype(x) is int // decltype((x)) is int& 注意：decltype(-x)等不会出现这种问题，因为-x等表达式都是右值，只有(x)既是表达式还是左值
这将导致下面两个函数的返回值类型不同
decltype(auto) f1() { int x = 0; return x; } decltype(auto) f2() { int x = 0; return (x); } 
Select Language