自动化部署工具 Capistrano 与 Mina

├── current -> /var/www/your_app/releases/20141201042659 ├── releases │ ├── 20141201032351 │ ├── 20141201042256 │ ├── 20141201042659 ├── repo │ ├── branches │ ├── hooks │ ├── info │ ├── objects │ └── refs └── shared ├── bin ├── bundle ├── config ├── log ├── public ├── tmp └── vendor 

# Gemfile gem 'capistrano', '~> 3.2.0' gem 'capistrano-rails', '~> 1.1.0' gem 'capistrano-bundler', '~> 1.1.0' gem 'capistrano-rvm', '~> 0.1.0' gem 'capistrano3-unicorn', '~> 0.2.0' # Add this if you're using rbenv # gem 'capistrano-rbenv', '~> 2.0.0' 

├── Capfile # Cap 配置文件 ├── config │ ├── deploy │ │ ├── production.rb # 不同环境的部署配置 │ │ └── staging.rb │ └── deploy.rb # 公共变量 └── lib └── capistrano └── tasks # 一些自定义的 task 

require 'capistrano/setup' # 加载 Cap 的 DSL require 'capistrano/deploy' # 加载 Cap 的 Workflow require 'capistrano/rvm' # 加载 RVM 相关配置 # require 'capistrano/rbenv' # 加载 Rbenv 相关配置 require 'capistrano/bundler' # 加载 Bundle, 以便完成 bundle install require 'capistrano/rails/assets' # 加载 Rails 的 js, css 文件预编译 require 'capistrano/rails/migrations' # 加载 Rails 的数据库自动迁移 require 'capistrano3/unicorn' # 加载 Unicorn 服务 Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake').each { |r| import r } 

cap unicorn:add_worker # 增加一个 Unicorn Worker cap unicorn:duplicate # Restart cap unicorn:legacy_restart # 传统方式 Restart, 使用 USR2 + QUIT cap unicorn:reload # Reload cap unicorn:remove_worker # 减少一个 Unicorn Worker cap unicorn:restart # 无缝 Restart, 使用 USR2 cap unicorn:start # 启动 Unicorn cap unicorn:stop # 关闭 Unicorn (QUIT) 

# config valid only for Capistrano 3.1 lock '3.2.1' set :application, 'your app name' # 设置部署项目的名字 set :repo_url, '[email protectd]' # 设置项目的 git repo set :deploy_to, "/var/www/xxx" # 设置部署目录 set :deploy_user, 'deploy' # 设置部署时的用户 set :scm, :git set :format, :pretty set :pty, true # linked_dirs # 是将项目的指定目录 link 到 shared 目录中, 这个操作会在从 repo 取下代码之后进行. # 比如 log 目录, 每次部署完毕后新的版本中的 log 目录都会 link 到 shared/log 下 set :linked_dirs, %w{bin log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets vendor/bundle public/system} # linked_files # 它是将 shared 目录中的文件 link 到项目中, 文件要首先存在于 shared 目录中, 不然 deploy 时会报错 # 在 Rails 项目中, 主要就是 database.yml, secret.yml 这样的敏感文件 set :linked_files, %w{config/database.yml} # rvm_type # :auto (default): just tries to find the correct path. ~/.rvm wins over /usr/local/rvm # :system: defines the RVM path to /usr/local/rvm # :user: defines the RVM path to ~/.rvm set :rvm_type, :system set :rvm_ruby_version, '2.1.2' set :rvm_roles, [:app, :web, :db] set :keep_releases, 10 # 最多存放十个部署版本 namespace :deploy do # 自定义了一个部署任务, 即自动运行 rake RAILS_ENV=rails_env db:create # 其中 release_path 指的是当前 release 目录 # `fetch(:rails_env)` 读取配置中的 rails_env 变量, 并在 rake 命令中带上 env 变量 task :create_database do on roles(:db) do within release_path do with rails_env: fetch(:rails_env) do execute :rake, 'db:create' end end end end before :migrate, :create_database # 在每次 rake db:migrate 前都运行 rake db:create after :finishing, 'deploy:cleanup' # 在每次部署完毕后, 清理部署时生成的 tmp 文件及多余的版本 end 

# Production Stage set :stage, :production # 设置 stage set :branch, 'master' # 设置 git branch set :rails_env, :production # 设置 rails_env # 以下几个 server 会同时部署 server 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', user: 'deploy', roles: %w(web app db), primary: true server 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', user: 'deploy', roles: %w(web app db) 

deploy deploy:starting [before] deploy:ensure_stage deploy:set_shared_assets deploy:check # 检查 ssh, rvm/rbenv, linked_dirs, linked_files, git deploy:started deploy:updating git:create_release deploy:symlink:shared deploy:updated [before] deploy:bundle # 重新 bundle install [after] deploy:migrate # rake db:migrate deploy:compile_assets deploy:normalize_assets deploy:publishing deploy:symlink:release deploy:restart # restart, 可自定义一些需要 restart 的服务 deploy:published deploy:finishing deploy:cleanup deploy:finished deploy:log_revision 

# Gemfile gem 'mina', '~> 0.3' 

require 'mina/bundler' require 'mina/rails' require 'mina/git' # require 'mina/rbenv' # for rbenv support. (http://rbenv.org) # require 'mina/rvm' # for rvm support. (http://rvm.io) # Basic settings: # domain - The hostname to SSH to. # deploy_to - Path to deploy into. # repository - Git repo to clone from. (needed by mina/git) # branch - Branch name to deploy. (needed by mina/git) set :domain, 'foobar.com' set :deploy_to, '/var/www/foobar.com' set :repository, 'git://...' set :branch, 'master' # Manually create these paths in shared/ (eg: shared/config/database.yml) in your server. # They will be linked in the 'deploy:link_shared_paths' step. set :shared_paths, ['config/database.yml', 'log'] # Optional settings: # set :user, 'foobar' # Username in the server to SSH to. # set :port, '30000' # SSH port number. # This task is the environment that is loaded for most commands, such as # `mina deploy` or `mina rake`. task :environment do # If you're using rbenv, use this to load the rbenv environment. # Be sure to commit your .rbenv-version to your repository. # invoke :'rbenv:load' # For those using RVM, use this to load an RVM version@gemset. # invoke :'rvm:use[ruby-1.9.3-p125@default]' end # Put any custom mkdir's in here for when `mina setup` is ran. # For Rails apps, we'll make some of the shared paths that are shared between # all releases. task :setup => :environment do queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/log"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/log"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/config"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/config"] queue! %[touch "#{deploy_to}/shared/config/database.yml"] queue %[echo "-----> Be sure to edit 'shared/config/database.yml'."] end desc "Deploys the current version to the server." task :deploy => :environment do deploy do # Put things that will set up an empty directory into a fully set-up # instance of your project. invoke :'git:clone' invoke :'deploy:link_shared_paths' invoke :'bundle:install' invoke :'rails:db_migrate' invoke :'rails:assets_precompile' to :launch do queue "touch #{deploy_to}/tmp/restart.txt" end end end # For help in making your deploy script, see the Mina documentation: # # - http://nadarei.co/mina # - http://nadarei.co/mina/tasks # - http://nadarei.co/mina/settings # - http://nadarei.co/mina/helpers