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Subaltern

释义 Definition

subaltern（名词/形容词）指从属的、下级的；在社会、政治语境中也常指被边缘化、缺乏发声权的群体（底层群体）。该词在后殖民研究中尤为常见。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/sbltn/

例句 Examples

The subaltern officers followed the general’s orders.
下级军官服从将军的命令。

In postcolonial studies, scholars ask how subaltern voices can be heard in official histories.
在后殖民研究中，学者会追问：如何让底层群体的声音在官方历史叙事中被听见。

词源 Etymology

源自拉丁语 **sub-**（“在……之下”）+ alternus（“轮流的、交替的；另一方的”），后经法语进入英语。早期多用于军队体系中表示“下级军官”，后来语义扩展到一般意义上的“从属者”，再到学术语境中的“底层/被压制的群体”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak，《**Can the Subaltern Speak?**》（《底层能说话吗？》）
Antonio Gramsci，《Prison Notebooks》（《狱中札记》）中关于“subaltern classes（从属阶级）”的讨论
Ranajit Guha（主编），“Subaltern Studies”系列论文集（《底层研究》）

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