V2EX state function

State Function

定义 Definition

状态函数:在热力学中,只由系统当前状态决定、与达到该状态的过程路径无关的物理量(如内能、熵、焓等)。在更一般意义上,也可指“由状态变量决定的函数”。

例句 Examples

A state function depends only on the initial and final states.
状态函数只取决于初态和终态。

Unlike work, entropy is a state function, so its change can be computed without knowing the exact path of the process.
与功不同,熵是状态函数,因此即使不知道过程的具体路径,也可以计算其变化量。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/stet fkn/

词源 Etymology

state(状态) + function(函数) 构成的术语,主要用于热力学与物理化学领域,用来强调“该量是状态的函数”,即只与系统状态有关,而不依赖过程路径(与“路径函数 path function”相对)。

相关词 Related Words

文献作品 Literary Works

  • Thermodynamics: An Introduction to the Physical Theories of Equilibrium Thermostatics and Irreversible Thermodynamics(Herbert B. Callen)
  • Thermodynamics(Enrico Fermi)
  • Physical Chemistry(Peter Atkins & Julio de Paula)
  • Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics(J. M. Smith, H. C. Van Ness & M. M. Abbott)
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