V2EX solute

Solute

定义 Definition

solute 是化学术语,指溶质,即在溶液中被溶解的物质。溶质溶解在溶剂(solvent)中,形成均匀的混合物(溶液)。

发音 Pronunciation

/sl.jut/(英式) /sl.jut/(美式)

例句 Examples

Salt is the solute in a saltwater solution.
盐是盐水溶液中的溶质。

When the amount of solute exceeds the solvent's capacity to dissolve it, the excess settles at the bottom as a precipitate.
当溶质的量超过溶剂的溶解能力时,多余的部分会作为沉淀物沉降到底部。

词源 Etymology

solute 来自拉丁语 solutus,是动词 solvere 的过去分词,意为"松开、溶解"。solvere 由前缀 se-(分开)和 luere(松开)组成。该词在19世纪被引入英语,专门用于化学领域,表示被溶解的物质。同源词包括 solve(解决)、solution(溶液;解决方案)和 dissolve(溶解)。

相关词汇 Related Words

文学与学术引用 Literary & Academic References

  • 在彼得阿特金斯(Peter Atkins)的经典教材《Physical Chemistry》中,solute 是讨论溶液热力学和溶解度的核心概念。
  • 莱纳斯鲍林(Linus Pauling)的《General Chemistry》中大量使用 solute 来阐述溶液的性质与行为。
  • 在雷切尔卡森(Rachel Carson)的《The Sea Around Us》中,海水中的各种 solutes(如盐类和矿物质)被用来描述海洋的化学组成。
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