V2EX shrapnel shell

Shrapnel Shell

定义 Definition

Shrapnel shell(榴霰弹)是一种炮弹,内部装有大量金属弹丸和少量炸药,在空中爆炸后向下方抛射弹丸,造成大面积杀伤。这种弹药主要在19世纪和第一次世界大战期间广泛使用。

发音 Pronunciation

/rpnl l/

例句 Examples

The shrapnel shell exploded above the battlefield, scattering hundreds of metal balls over the enemy position.
榴霰弹在战场上空爆炸,将数百颗金属弹丸抛散到敌方阵地上。

During World War I, shrapnel shells were the primary artillery ammunition used against troops in the open, though they proved less effective against entrenched positions, leading to the increased use of high-explosive shells.
第一次世界大战期间,榴霰弹是对付暴露在外的部队的主要炮兵弹药,但它们对壕沟阵地效果不佳,因此高爆弹的使用逐渐增多。

词源 Etymology

该词以英国军官 Henry Shrapnel(17611842)的名字命名。他在1784年发明了这种炮弹,最初被称为 spherical case shot(球形霰弹)。这种炮弹在1803年的英荷战争中首次投入实战,后来英国军方为纪念其发明者,正式将其命名为 shrpnel shell。随着时间推移,shrapnel 一词的含义扩展,现在也泛指炸弹或炮弹爆炸后产生的任何金属碎片。Shell 一词源自古英语 sciell,意为"外壳",在军事语境中指中空的炮弹壳体。

相关词汇 Related Words

文学与历史作品引用 Literary & Historical References

  • Erich Maria Remarque 的《西线无战事》(All Quiet on the Western Front, 1929)中多次描述了榴霰弹对士兵的毁灭性打击,是反战文学的经典之作。
  • Siegfried SassoonWilfred Owen 等一战诗人的战壕诗作中频繁出现 shrapnel shell 的意象,如 Owen 的 Dulce et Decorum Est 中对炮击场景的描写。
  • John Keegan 的《一战史》(The First World War, 1998)中详细分析了榴霰弹在战术演变中的角色及其局限性。
  • Barbara Tuchman 的《八月炮火》(The Guns of August, 1962)中涉及一战初期炮兵战术,包括榴霰弹的使用。
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