V2EX s-matrix

S-matrix

定义 Definition

S-matrix散射矩阵)是量子力学与量子场论中用来描述粒子散射过程的数学对象:它把“初态”(入射粒子在远过去的状态)映射到“末态”(散射后在远未来的状态),从而编码各种散射概率与振幅。常见于高能物理、散射理论与弦论等语境。(在不同领域里也可泛指更一般的“散射矩阵”,但最常指物理中的这一概念。)

发音 Pronunciation

/s metrks/

例句 Examples

In this course, we will compute the S-matrix for simple two-particle scattering.
在这门课中,我们将计算简单两粒子散射的散射矩阵。

The unitarity of the S-matrix imposes strong constraints on how amplitudes behave at high energies, linking conservation of probability to the analytic structure of scattering.
散射矩阵的幺正性对高能下振幅的行为施加强约束,把概率守恒与散射过程的解析结构联系起来。

词源 Etymology

S-matrix中的 S 来自 scattering(散射) 的首字母;matrix(矩阵)源自拉丁语 matrix(“母体/源头”),在数学里指按行列排列的数表。合起来字面意思就是“用于描述散射的矩阵”。该术语在20世纪中期随散射理论与量子场论的发展而泛流行。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works

  • Steven Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields(《量子场论》)
  • Michael E. Peskin & Daniel V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory(《量子场论导论》)
  • Claude Itzykson & Jean-Bernard Zuber, Quantum Field Theory(《量子场论》)
  • R. J. Eden, P. V. Landshoff, D. I. Olive & J. C. Polkinghorne, The Analytic S-Matrix(《解析S矩阵》)
  • Werner Heisenberg 等相关论文与“S矩阵理论(S-matrix theory)”传统文献(20世纪5060年代高能物理的重要研究路线)
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