V2EX rent-seeking

Rent-Seeking

Definition / 释义

rent-seeking寻租。指个人、企业或团体通过游说、设限、寻求补贴/特许经营权等方式,获取政策或制度带来的“超额收益(经济租)”,而不是通过创造新价值(如提高效率、创新、生产)来获利。常用于政治经济学与公共政策语境。(也可泛指“靠关系/规则套利”的行为。)

Pronunciation / 发音

/rnt sik/

Examples / 例句

Some firms spend more on lobbying than on research; that’s rent-seeking.
有些公司在游说上的花费比研发还多;这就是寻租。

When regulations are designed to protect insiders, rent-seeking can flourish and slow economic growth.
当监管被设计来保护既得利益者时,寻租就会滋生,并拖慢经济增长。

Etymology / 词源

这里的 rent 不是“租房租金”的日常含义,而更接近经济学里的 economic rent(经济租/超额收益):由垄断、牌照、配额、信息壁垒或政策优惠等带来的额外收益。rent-seeking 作为术语在公共选择理论与政治经济学中广泛使用,常与对“资源被用于争夺特权、而非创造财富”的批评相关。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学与著作示例

  • Gordon Tullock,《The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft》(1967):早期系统讨论“为获取特权而耗费资源”的社会成本。
  • Anne O. Krueger,《The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society》(1974):使“rent-seeking society(寻租型社会)”概念广为人知。
  • Mancur Olson,《The Logic of Collective Action》(1965);《The Rise and Decline of Nations》(1982):分析利益集团如何影响政策并造成经济僵化,与寻租问题高度相关。
  • James M. Buchanan & Gordon Tullock,《The Calculus of Consent》(1962):公共选择理论经典著作,为理解寻租的制度背景提供框架。
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