V2EX quasiparticle

Quasiparticle

释义 Definition

准粒子:在凝聚态物理中,用来描述许多粒子相互作用后产生的“集体激发”或“有效粒子”的概念。它像粒子一样携带能量、动量,有时也携带有效质量或电荷,便于用更简单的方式理解复杂体系。(常见例子:声子、激子、磁振子等)

例句 Examples

A phonon is a kind of quasiparticle.
声子是一种准粒子。

In a superconductor, the low-energy behavior can be described using quasiparticles with an effective mass and lifetime.
在超导体中,低能行为可以用具有有效质量和有限寿命的准粒子来描述。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/kwezaprtkl/(也常见 /kweziprtkl/)

词源 Etymology

由 **quasi-**(“准、类似于”)+ particle(“粒子”)构成,字面意思是“类似粒子的东西”。该术语在20世纪凝聚态与多体物理发展中被广泛使用,用来把复杂的相互作用体系改写为“较简单的有效粒子”图景。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作 Literary Works

  • Lev D. Landau, The Theory of a Fermi Liquid(费米液体理论相关论文,准粒子思想的经典来源之一)
  • Lev D. Landau & E. M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics(统计物理中讨论多体体系与激发的经典教材)
  • N. W. Ashcroft & N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics(固体物理经典教材,系统使用准粒子语言解释固体性质)
  • Charles Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids(量子固体理论教材,涉及多种准粒子与能带图景)
  • P. M. Chaikin & T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics(凝聚态物理经典教材,广泛讨论集体激发与有效理论)
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