V2EX quantum point contact

Quantum Point Contact

释义 Definition

量子点接触(QPC):一种在二维电子气等纳米电子器件中形成的极窄导电通道,其宽度可通过栅极电压精细调控,使电导在低温下呈现量子化台阶(常见为以 \(2e^2/h\) 为单位的电导平台)。常用于研究介观输运、量子霍尔效应与自旋/相互作用效应等。(该术语也常缩写为 QPC。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/kwntm pnt kntkt/

例句 Examples

A quantum point contact can act like a tunable narrow gate for electrons.
量子点接触可以像一个可调的“电子窄门”一样工作。

By sweeping the gate voltage, the quantum point contact shows quantized conductance plateaus that reveal the number of transmitting modes in the channel.
通过扫描栅极电压,量子点接触会出现电导量子化平台,从而揭示通道中可传输模式的数量。

词源 Etymology

该短语由三部分构成:quantum(量子)指输运性质由量子力学决定;point(点/极小尺度)强调通道在横向尺度上非常狭窄、近似“点状”瓶颈;contact(接触)在器件语境中指电连接/导通区域。整体含义是“量子尺度上的极窄接触通道”,常见于介观物理与纳米电子学。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Mesoscopic Physics of Electrons and Photons(ric Akkermans, Gilles Montambaux)
  • Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems(Supriyo Datta)
  • The Quantum Hall Effect(Richard E. Prange, Steven M. Girvin 编)
  • 经典论文:B. J. van Wees 等 “Quantized conductance of point contacts in a two-dimensional electron gas”(Physical Review Letters, 1988)
  • 经典论文:D. A. Wharam 等 “One-dimensional transport and the quantisation of the ballistic resistance”(Journal of Physics C, 1988)
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