V2EX potential difference

Potential Difference

释义 Definition(中文)

potential difference:电学术语,指两点之间的电势差,也就是单位电荷从一点移动到另一点时电场所做的功(或需要的能量变化)。常用单位是伏特(volt, V)。日常中常把它称为“电压(voltage)”。(在很多语境里两者几乎等同,但在更严谨的表述中,“电压”更偏工程与电路用语。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/ptnl dfrns/

例句 Examples

The potential difference across the battery is 9 volts.
电池两端的电势差是 9 伏。

When the circuit is open, a potential difference can exist between the terminals even though no current flows.
当电路断开时,即使没有电流流动,端子之间仍然可能存在电势差。

词源 Etymology(中文)

potential 源自拉丁语 potentia(“力量、能力”),在物理中引申为“势能/电势”相关概念;difference 来自拉丁语 differentia(“差异”)。组合成 potential difference,字面即“电势的差”,用来描述两点电势的相对高低与能量差。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著用例 Literary Works(出现示例)

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(Richard P. Feynman 等):在电学章节中用 potential difference 解释电路能量变化与“电压”的概念。
  • University Physics(Sears & Zemansky / Young & Freedman):在电势与电路部分频繁使用 potential difference 描述两点间的电势差。
  • A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism(James Clerk Maxwell):经典电磁学著作中讨论电势与电势差的理论框架时使用相关表述(包括 “difference of potential / potential difference”)。
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