V2EX optical lattice

Optical Lattice

定义 Definition

光学晶格:由相干激光束相互干涉形成的周期性光强分布,可为原子(尤其是超冷原子)提供类似晶体晶格的周期性势阱,从而“像电子在固体晶格中那样”操控原子的运动与量子态。常用于冷原子物理、量子模拟与量子计算等领域。(也有人把它理解为“用光做成的晶格陷阱/光阱阵列”。)

例句 Examples

Optical lattices can trap ultracold atoms in a regular pattern.
光学晶格可以把超冷原子以规则的图案困在空间中。

By tuning the laser intensity and wavelength, researchers engineer an optical lattice that simulates how electrons behave in a crystal, enabling studies of quantum phase transitions.
通过调节激光强度与波长,研究人员可以构造出模拟晶体中电子行为的光学晶格,从而研究量子相变等现象。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/ptkl lts/

词源 Etymology

optical 源自拉丁语 opticus(“视觉的、光学的”),与“眼睛/看”相关;lattice 来自古法语 lattis(“木条格架、栅格”),原指由条状结构交叉形成的网格。物理学中借用 lattice(晶格/格子) 的意象,形容光场干涉产生的周期性“格点”结构,因此形成术语 optical lattice(光学晶格)

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Ian Bloch, “Ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices,” Nature Physics(综述文章中频繁使用该术语)
  • O. Morsch & M. Oberthaler, “Dynamics of BoseEinstein condensates in optical lattices,” Reviews of Modern Physics(系统讨论光学晶格中的动力学)
  • Immanuel Bloch, Jean Dalibard, Wilhelm Zwerger, “Many-body physics with ultracold gases,” Reviews of Modern Physics(多体物理语境下的重要综述,涉及光学晶格平台)
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