V2EX nearest neighbor

Nearest Neighbor

Definition / 定义

“Nearest neighbor”常指“最近邻(点/样本)”:在某种距离度量(如欧氏距离、余弦距离)下,与目标点距离最近的数据点。常见于机器学习、统计学与信息检索中(如 k-近邻算法 k-NN)。

Pronunciation / 发音

/nrst nebr/

Examples / 例句

The classifier labels a new point using its nearest neighbor.
分类器用新点的最近邻来给它贴标签。

In high-dimensional data, the nearest neighbor can be surprisingly far away, which makes distance-based methods less reliable.
在高维数据中,最近邻可能会出乎意料地“很远”,这会让基于距离的方法变得不那么可靠。

Etymology / 词源

“Nearest”来自 near(近的)的最高级形式,表示“最近的”;“neighbor”来自古英语 nēahgebūr(住在附近的人),由“near(近)+ dweller(居住者)”的概念演变而来。组合起来在数学与计算领域引申为“在空间/特征空间中距离最近的对象”。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学作品

  • The Elements of Statistical Learning(Hastie, Tibshirani, Friedman)
  • Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning(Christopher M. Bishop)
  • Introduction to Information Retrieval(Manning, Raghavan, Schütze)
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