V2EX isothermal transformation

Isothermal Transformation

定义 Definition

等温变换 / 等温过程中的状态变化:指热力学系统在温度保持恒定(T 不变)的条件下发生的过程或状态变化。常见于理想气体的等温膨胀/压缩(可与外界交换热量以维持恒温)。
(注:在不同教材中也常写作 isothermal process;“transformation”强调“从一种状态变到另一种状态”。)

发音 Pronunciation

/asθrml trnsfrmen/

例句 Examples

In an isothermal transformation, the temperature stays constant.
在等温变换中,温度保持不变。

During the isothermal transformation of an ideal gas, the work done is related to the logarithm of the volume ratio.
在理想气体的等温变换中,系统所做的功与体积比的对数有关。

词源 Etymology

Isothermal 来自希腊语前缀 **iso-**(“相同、等同”)与 **therm-**(“热”)组合,字面义为“同温的/等温的”。Transformation 来自拉丁语 transformare(“改变形状、转变”)。合起来即“在温度不变条件下的转变(过程)”。

相关 Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works

  • An Introduction to Thermal Physics(Daniel V. Schroeder)在讨论理想气体与热机时常用“等温过程/等温变换”作为基本例子。
  • Thermodynamics(Enrico Fermi)以经典热力学框架介绍等温与绝热等基本变换。
  • Heat and Thermodynamics(Mark W. Zemansky)系统讲解等温过程、状态方程与可逆过程。
  • Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach(Yunus A. engel & Michael A. Boles)工程热力学中等温过程与功、热量计算频繁出现。
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