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IQR

定义 Definition

IQR 是 interquartile range 的缩写，中文常译为四分位距：在统计学中，指第3四分位数（Q3）减去第1四分位数（Q1），用于衡量数据中间50%部分的离散程度，且对极端值（离群值）不太敏感。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/a kju r/

例句 Examples

The IQR is Q3 minus Q1.
IQR 等于 Q3 减去 Q1。

Because the IQR is resistant to outliers, we used it to compare the spread of incomes across neighborhoods.
由于四分位距对离群值不敏感，我们用它来比较不同社区收入分布的离散程度。

词源 Etymology

IQR 来自 interquartile range（inter- “在……之间” + quartile “四分位数” + range “范围/差距”）。该术语用于描述位于第一与第三四分位数之间的“中间范围”，因此用缩写 IQR 在统计写作与图表（如箱线图）中非常常见。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作 Notable Works

OpenStax: Introductory Statistics（在“描述性统计/箱线图”等章节中使用 IQR 来衡量离散程度）
An Introduction to Statistical Learning（统计学习入门教材中讨论稳健统计量时常涉及 IQR）
The Elements of Statistical Learning（更高阶的统计学习著作中在数据分布与稳健性相关语境里会出现 IQR）

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