V2EX inverse problem

Inverse Problem

定义 Definition

inverse problem(反问题/逆问题):在已知观测结果输出的情况下,反向推断导致这些结果的原因、参数、结构输入的数学/工程问题。常见于医学成像、地球物理、机器学习与系统辨识等领域;这类问题往往不适定(解不唯一、对噪声敏感),需要正则化等方法稳定求解。

发音 Pronunciation

/n.vs pr.blm/

例句 Examples

We solved an inverse problem to estimate the source of the signal.
我们通过求解一个逆问题来估计信号的来源。

In medical imaging, reconstructing an image from noisy measurements is a classic inverse problem that often requires regularization.
在医学成像中,从含噪测量数据重建图像是经典的逆问题,通常需要使用正则化方法。

词源 Etymology

inverse 来自拉丁语 inversus,意为“倒转的、相反的”;problem 来自希腊语 *problem(a)*,本义是“摆在前面的事/要解决的难题”。合起来表示“从结果倒推原因的难题”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作 Literary Works

  • Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation(Albert Tarantola)
  • Computational Methods for Inverse Problems(Curtis R. Vogel)
  • Statistical and Computational Inverse Problems(Jari Kaipio & Erkki Somersalo)
  • Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems(A. N. Tikhonov & V. Y. Arsenin)
  • The Mathematical Foundations of the Theory of Inverse Problems(V. G. Romanov)
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