V2EX informed consent

Informed Consent

释义 Definition

informed consent 是一个法律和医学术语,指在充分了解相关信息(如风险、益处、替代方案等)之后,自愿做出的同意或许可。常用于医疗、科研和法律领域,强调当事人在知情的前提下做出决定的权利。

发音 Pronunciation

/nfrmd knsnt/

例句 Examples

The doctor explained the surgery risks before asking the patient to sign the informed consent form.
医生在让病人签署知情同意书之前,解释了手术的风险。

In clinical research, obtaining informed consent from participants is not merely a procedural formality but a fundamental ethical obligation that safeguards individual autonomy.
在临床研究中,获取参与者的知情同意不仅仅是一项程序上的形式,更是保障个人自主权的基本伦理义务。

词源 Etymology

informed 来自拉丁语 informare,意为"给予形式、塑造、教导",后演变为"使了解、告知"之意。consent 来自拉丁语 consentire,由 **con-**(共同)和 sentire(感觉)组成,意为"共同感受、同意"。两个词组合在一起,表达了"在充分告知之后表示同意"的含义。该短语在20世纪中期随着医学伦理和患者权利运动的发展而广泛使用,成为现代医疗和法律体系中的核心概念。

相关词汇 Related Words

文学与文献引用 Literary References

  • 在 Tom L. Beauchamp 和 James F. Childress 的经典著作 Principles of Biomedical Ethics 中,informed consent 被作为生物医学伦理四大原则之一"尊重自主原则"的核心内容进行了深入讨论。
  • Ruth R. Faden 和 Tom L. Beauchamp 合著的 A History and Theory of Informed Consent 是关于这一概念最全面的学术专著,追溯了知情同意从纽伦堡审判到现代医学伦理的演变历程。
  • 在 Atul Gawande 的 Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science 中,作者探讨了在实际医疗场景中知情同意的复杂性与局限性。
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