V2EX importance weighting

Importance Weighting

释义 Definition

“重要性加权 / 重要度加权”:一种给数据点或样本分配不同权重的方法,使某些样本在计算(如平均值、损失函数、模型训练)中“影响更大”。常用于统计推断、抽样校正、因果推断与机器学习中的分布偏移(如 covariate shift / domain adaptation)。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/mprtns wet/

例句 Examples

Importance weighting helps the model focus on rare but critical cases.
重要性加权能让模型更关注罕见但关键的情况。

Under covariate shift, importance weighting rebalances training samples so the learned predictor better matches the target distribution.
在协变量偏移的情况下,重要性加权会重新平衡训练样本,使学到的预测器更贴近目标分布。

词源与用法小史 Etymology & Notes

importance 来自拉丁语 importare(“带入、引入”),引申为“重要性”;weighting 源自 weight(“重量”),在统计与工程语境中引申为“赋权、加权”。两者组合后,形成技术短语,强调“按重要程度分配权重”的思想,常见于抽样理论与现代机器学习文献。

相关词 Related Words

文献与著作中的用例 Literary / Notable Works

  • Christopher M. Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning(讨论加权似然、加权损失与相关思想)
  • Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning(涉及加权方法在统计学习中的应用)
  • Masashi Sugiyama et al., Covariate Shift Adaptation by Importance Weighting(直接以 importance weighting 为核心方法的代表性研究)
  • Judea Pearl, Causality(因果推断中与“加权校正/逆概率加权”等紧密相关的思想体系)
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