V2EX ideal gas

Ideal Gas

定义 Definition

理想气体:一种理想化的气体模型,假设气体分子体积可忽略、分子间无相互作用力(除弹性碰撞外),因此在较低压力、较高温度等条件下可近似满足理想气体状态方程:\(PV = nRT\)。现实中的气体在一定条件下可接近理想气体行为。

发音 Pronunciation

/adil s/

例句 Examples

An ideal gas obeys the equation \(PV = nRT\).
理想气体遵守方程 \(PV = nRT\)。

Although real gases deviate at high pressures, many can be treated as an ideal gas when the temperature is high and the density is low.
尽管真实气体在高压下会偏离理想行为,但在高温、低密度时,许多气体可以近似看作理想气体。

词源 Etymology

ideal 源自拉丁语 idealis(“观念的、理想的”),强调“在概念中完美成立”;gas 一词由17世纪化学家范海尔蒙特(Jan Baptist van Helmont)创造,可能受希腊语 chaos(“混沌”)影响,用来指代当时新认识到的一类“看不见、可流动”的物质。合在一起,ideal gas 指“用于理论推导的理想化气体”。

相关词 Related Words

文学作品 Literary Works

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(Richard P. Feynman 等):以理想气体为例讲解热学与统计物理的基本思想。
  • Thermodynamics(Enrico Fermi):用理想气体模型建立热力学与熵的核心概念。
  • Physical Chemistry(Peter Atkins 等):在化学热力学章节中频繁使用理想气体近似与状态方程。
  • Heat and Thermodynamics(Zemansky & Dittman):以理想气体作为热学定律与过程分析的经典示例。
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