V2EX hysteresis

Hysteresis

Definition / 释义

hysteresis(滞后;磁滞/迟滞现象):指一个系统的当前状态不仅取决于“现在的输入”,还取决于过去经历过的路径/历史。常见于物理与工程(如磁性材料的磁滞回线、温控器的开关滞后),也可引申指决策或社会现象中的“惯性与延迟反应”。

Pronunciation / 发音

/hstriss/

Examples / 例句

The thermostat has hysteresis, so it doesn’t switch on and off too often.
温控器有滞后设定,所以不会过于频繁地开关。

Because of hysteresis in the material, the stressstrain curve depends on whether the load is increasing or decreasing, which complicates accurate modeling.
由于材料存在滞后效应,应力应变曲线会随载荷是增加还是减小而不同,这使得精确建模更复杂。

Etymology / 词源

来自希腊语 hysterein,意为“落后、迟到”。19世纪末被引入科学语境,用来描述某些系统对变化的响应不是立刻跟上,而是表现出与“历史路径”相关的滞后。

Related Words / 相关词

Notable Works / 著名作品

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(《费曼物理学讲义》)
  • Introduction to Solid State Physics Charles Kittel(《固体物理导论》)
  • Control Systems Engineering Norman S. Nise(《控制系统工程》)
  • The Theory of Heat Radiation Max Planck(《热辐射理论》)
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