V2EX grain boundary

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Grain Boundary

定义 Definition

晶界：在多晶材料中，相邻两个晶粒（晶体取向不同的区域）之间的界面。晶界通常是原子排列较紊乱的区域，会显著影响材料的强度、塑性、扩散、腐蚀与导电/导热等性质。

发音 Pronunciation

/ren bandri/

例句 Examples

Grain boundaries can make a metal stronger.
晶界可以使金属更坚固。

At high temperatures, atoms diffuse along the grain boundary more quickly, which can accelerate creep and corrosion.
在高温下，原子沿晶界扩散更快，这可能会加速蠕变与腐蚀。

词源 Etymology

grain 原意与“谷粒、种子”相关，后来在材料学中借用来指“晶粒”（显微组织中像颗粒一样的晶体区域）；boundary 来自 “bound（界限）+ -ary（构成形容词/名词的后缀）”，表示“边界、分界线”。合起来 grain boundary 字面即“晶粒的边界”。

相关词 Related Words

文献与作品 Literary Works

Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction（William D. Callister Jr. 等，材料科学经典教材，常用“grain boundary”解释晶界强化与扩散）
Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys（D. A. Porter & K. E. Easterling，讨论相变与晶界作用）
Introduction to Dislocations（D. Hull & D. J. Bacon，涉及位错与晶界相互作用）
Engineering Materials（M. F. Ashby & D. R. H. Jones，常用晶界概念解释材料性能差异）

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