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G Protein

定义 Definition

G 蛋白（G protein）是一类能与鸟苷酸（GDP/GTP）结合并在两者之间切换的细胞内蛋白质，主要作用是传递细胞信号。它们常与G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）配合，把细胞外的刺激（如激素、神经递质、气味分子）转化为细胞内的反应。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/di protin/

例句 Examples

G proteins help cells respond to hormones.
G 蛋白帮助细胞对激素作出反应。

When a ligand binds the receptor, the G protein exchanges GDP for GTP and triggers a signaling cascade.
当配体与受体结合时，G 蛋白会将 GDP 置换为 GTP，并启动一系列信号级联反应。

词源 Etymology

“G protein”中的 G 来自 guanine（鸟嘌呤）：这类蛋白通过结合含鸟嘌呤的核苷酸 GTP/GDP 来实现“开/关”式的信号调控，因此得名。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

Molecular Biology of the Cell（Alberts 等）
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry（Nelson & Cox）
Campbell Biology（Urry 等）
The Cell: A Molecular Approach（Cooper & Hausman）

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