V2EX first-order approximation

First-Order Approximation

释义 Definition(中文)

一阶近似 / 一阶逼近:用函数在某一点附近的线性项(一次项)来近似原函数的值,常见形式是用切线(或线性化)来估算小变化下的函数变化。
(在不同语境中也可指“一阶展开”“线性近似”等。)

发音 Pronunciation(IPA)

/fst rdr prksmen/

例句 Examples

For small angles, \(\sin x\) has the first-order approximation \(\sin x \approx x\).
对于小角度,\(\sin x\) 的一阶近似是 \(\sin x \approx x\)。

Using a first-order approximation around \(x=2\), we can estimate the function’s value without calculating it exactly.
在 \(x=2\) 附近使用一阶近似,我们可以不做精确计算就估算函数值。

词源 Etymology(中文)

first-order 来自数学与物理中的“阶”(order)概念,表示展开式或微分方程中“最高保留到第几阶项”。approximation 源自拉丁语 approximare(“靠近、接近”)。合起来表示“保留到一次项的近似”,即最常见的线性化近似。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works(出现语境示例)

  • Calculus(James Stewart)在“线性近似 / Linear Approximation”与泰勒展开的入门章节中常用该术语。
  • Advanced Engineering Mathematics(Erwin Kreyszig)在近似方法、泰勒公式与工程估算相关章节中出现频繁。
  • Numerical Recipes(Press et al.)在数值分析中讨论误差与局部近似(含一阶近似思路)时常见。
  • Principles of Mathematical Analysis(Walter Rudin)在函数的局部性质、可微与近似的论述中可见相关表述与用法。
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