V2EX excitotoxicity

Excitotoxicity

Definition / 定义

兴奋性毒性:指神经元因兴奋性神经递质(尤其是谷氨酸)过度刺激而受损或死亡的现象,常与缺血/中风、外伤、癫痫发作后损伤及某些神经退行性疾病的机制相关。

Pronunciation / 发音(IPA)

/ksatotkssti/

Examples / 例句

Prolonged seizures can cause excitotoxicity in the brain.
长时间的癫痫发作可能在大脑中引发兴奋性毒性。

During a stroke, lack of oxygen can trigger glutamate release, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal death.
中风时缺氧可诱发谷氨酸大量释放,进而导致兴奋性毒性和神经元死亡。

Etymology / 词源

该词由 excite(使兴奋)+ toxicity(毒性)构成,用来描述一种“因过度兴奋而产生的毒性损伤”。这一概念在现代神经科学中用于解释:神经元在异常强或持续的兴奋信号下,细胞内钙离子等失衡,最终造成细胞损伤甚至死亡。

Related Words / 相关词

In Notable Works / 文献与著作中的用例

  • Principles of Neural Science(Eric R. Kandel 等):在神经元损伤与突触传递相关章节中讨论兴奋性毒性机制
  • Neuroscience(Dale Purves 等):在缺血性损伤、谷氨酸受体与细胞死亡部分提及
  • Basic Neurochemistry(相关编著):在谷氨酸能系统与神经毒性章节中使用该术语
  • Olney, J. W. 相关经典论文(1960s1970s):早期系统提出并推动“兴奋性毒性”概念在神经科学中的应用
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