V2EX dominated convergence theorem

Dominated Convergence Theorem

定义 Definition

支配收敛定理:在测度论与积分理论中,如果一列可测函数 \(f_n\) 几乎处处收敛到 \(f\),并且存在一个可积函数 \(g\) 使得对所有 \(n\) 都有 \(|f_n|\le g\)(称 \(g\) “支配”这列函数),那么可以把“极限”和“积分”交换: \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}\int f_n\,d\mu=\int \lim_{n\to\infty} f_n\,d\mu=\int f\,d\mu, \] 并且通常还能推出 \(\int |f_n-f|\,d\mu\to 0\)。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/dmnetd knvdns θirm/

例句 Examples

The dominated convergence theorem lets us move the limit inside the integral.
支配收敛定理让我们可以把极限移到积分号里面。

Since \(|f_n(x)|\le g(x)\) and \(f_n\to f\) almost everywhere, the dominated convergence theorem implies \(\int f_n\,d\mu\to\int f\,d\mu\).
由于 \(|f_n(x)|\le g(x)\) 且 \(f_n\) 在几乎处处意义下收敛到 \(f\),支配收敛定理推出 \(\int f_n\,d\mu\to\int f\,d\mu\)。

词源 Etymology

“dominated” 来自拉丁语词根 domin- / dominari(“支配、控制”),在这里指用一个可积的“上界函数” \(g\) 把整列函数 \(|f_n|\) 统一控制住;“convergence” 表示收敛;“theorem” 表示定理。合起来强调:在被可积函数支配的条件下,收敛与积分可良好交换

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著中的用例 Literary Works

  • Real and Complex Analysis Walter Rudin
  • Measure Theory Donald L. Cohn
  • Probability and Measure Patrick Billingsley
  • Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications Gerald B. Folland
  • An Introduction to Measure Theory Terence Tao
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