V2EX density of states

Density of States

Definition / 释义

density of states(态密度):在物理学(尤其是量子力学、固体物理与统计物理)中,指单位能量(或单位频率)区间内可供粒子(如电子、声子)占据的量子态数量,常用于描述材料在不同能量处“可用状态”的分布情况。常写作 DOS。在不同维度(1D/2D/3D)或不同体系中,态密度的能量依赖关系会不同。

Pronunciation / 发音(IPA)

/dn.s.ti v stets/

Examples / 例句

The density of states is higher near the band edge.
在能带边缘附近,态密度更高。

By integrating the density of states with the FermiDirac distribution, we can estimate the number of electrons at a given temperature.
把态密度与费米狄拉克分布相结合并进行积分,我们就能估算在某一温度下电子的数量。

Etymology / 词源

density 原意为“密度、稠密程度”,state(s) 在物理语境中指“(量子)状态”。“density of states”直译为“状态的密度”,强调的是:不是空间里的物质密度,而是能量轴上量子态的“拥挤程度”。该术语在20世纪量子理论与固体物理发展中逐渐固定,用于能带理论、统计物理与材料性质分析。

Related Wods / 相关词汇

Literary Works / 文献与著作中的用例

  • Solid State Physics(Ashcroft & Mermin)
  • Introduction to Solid State Physics(Kittel)
  • Statistical Physics(Landau & Lifshitz)
  • Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor(Supriyo Datta)
  • Many-Particle Physics(Gerald D. Mahan)
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