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Deflation

定义 Definition

通货紧缩；物价持续下降：指一个经济体中总体物价水平在一段时间内持续下降，货币购买力上升，常伴随需求疲软、企业利润下降与失业风险上升等现象。（在某些语境下也可指“放气/放瘪”，但最常见的是经济含义。）

发音 Pronunciation

/diflen/

例句 Examples

Deflation makes prices fall.
通货紧缩会让物价下降。

Fearing deflation, the central bank cut interest rates and expanded the money supply to support demand.
由于担心通货紧缩，中央银行下调利率并扩大货币供应以支持需求。

词源 Etymology

deflation 来自 **de-**（向下、减少）+ inflation（通货膨胀）。原意与“把气放掉、使体积缩小”有关，后来在经济学中借用来指“总体价格水平向下收缩”的过程，与 inflation（通胀） 相对。

相关词 Related Words

文学作品 Literary Works

John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money（《就业、利息和货币通论》）
Milton Friedman & Anna J. Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States, 18671960（《美国货币史：18671960》）
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath（《愤怒的葡萄》；以大萧条社会经济背景为主，相关讨论中常涉及通缩与萧条语境）

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