V2EX crenellation

Crenellation

发音 Pronunciation

/krnlen/

释义 Definition

城垛;锯齿形城墙顶部的防御结构。指中世纪城堡或要塞墙顶交替排列的凸起(垛口)和凹口(射击孔),用于掩护守军并进行射击防御。也可泛指类似锯齿状的装饰图案。

例句 Examples

The castle's crenellation provided excellent protection for the archers defending the walls.
城堡的城垛为守墙的弓箭手提供了极好的掩护。

Walking along the ancient ramparts, she ran her fingers over the weathered crenellations, imagining the countless soldiers who had once crouched behind them during sieges centuries ago.
她沿着古老的城墙漫步,手指抚过风化的城垛,想象着几个世纪前围城战中无数士兵曾蹲伏在后方的情景。

词源 Etymology

源自中世纪拉丁语 crenellare,意为"开设垛口",其词根为古法语 crenel(缺口、凹口),最终来自通俗拉丁语 crena,意为"切口、缺口"。后缀 -ation 表示动作或状态。该词在英语中最早出现于14世纪左右,与中世纪城堡建筑的兴盛密切相关。在中世纪英国,修建带有城垛的建筑需要获得国王颁发的特别许可证(licence to crenellate),这也是封建权力的一种象征。

相关词汇 Related Wods

文学作品引用 Literary References

  • 沃尔特司各特(Walter Scott)的《艾凡赫》(Ivanhoe)中多次描写中世纪城堡的城垛,用以渲染骑士时代的氛围。
  • 维克多雨果(Victor Hugo)的《巴黎圣母院》(The Hunchback of Notre-Dame)中对哥特式建筑的描绘涉及城垛等防御性建筑元素。
  • J.R.R. 托尔金(J.R.R. Tolkien)的《指环王》(The Lord of the Rings)中对米那斯提力斯等要塞城墙的描写大量使用了 crenellation 相关意象。
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