V2EX clapeyron equation

Clapeyron Equation

释义 Definition

克拉珀龙方程(Clapeyron equation):热力学中描述一阶相变(如液-气、固-液)时,相界线的斜率潜热两相摩尔体积差之间关系的公式。常见形式为:
\[ \frac{dP}{dT}=\frac{\Delta H}{T\,\Delta V} \] 其中 \(\Delta H\) 为相变焓(潜热),\(\Delta V\) 为两相摩尔体积之差。其在气化情形下可进一步近似得到 ClausiusClapeyron 关系。(此词组也常被用于泛指该类相变关系式。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/klp.e.rn kwe.n/

例句 Examples

The Clapeyron equation relates the slope of a phase boundary to latent heat.
克拉珀龙方程把相界线的斜率与潜热联系起来。

Using the Clapeyron equation, we can estimate how the boiling point changes with pressure if we know the enthalpy change and the volume difference between phases.
利用克拉珀龙方程,如果已知相变焓以及两相体积差,就能估算沸点如何随压力变化。

词源 Etymology

“Clapeyron equation” 以法国工程师与物理学家 mileClapeyron(埃米尔克拉珀龙,17991864)命名。他在研究热机与相变问题时发展了相关热力学表达式,后来该相变斜率关系被广泛称为“克拉珀龙方程”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics(Herbert B. Callen)讨论相平衡与相界线斜率时常引入克拉珀龙方程。
  • Physical Chemistry(Peter Atkins & Julio de Paula)在蒸气压、相图与相变章节中使用(或推导)Clapeyron/ClausiusClapeyron 关系。
  • Heat and Thermodynamics(Mark W. Zemansky & Richard H. Dittman)讲解一阶相变与潜热时涉及该方程。
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