V2EX canonical ensemble

Canonical Ensemble

释义 Definition

正则系综(canonical ensemble):统计力学中的一种概率描述,表示与恒温热库接触、温度 \(T\) 固定的系统可能微观状态的集合。此时系统能量可交换而不固定,各微观态出现的概率通常由玻尔兹曼因子决定,并可通过配分函数计算宏观量。(另有相关系综如微正则系综、巨正则系综等。)

发音 Pronunciation

/knnkl nsmbl/ (美式)
/knnkl nsmbl/ (英式)

例句 Examples

In a canonical ensemble, the temperature stays constant.
在正则系综中,温度保持不变。

Using the canonical ensemble, we can compute thermodynamic quantities from the partition function.
利用正则系综,我们可以从配分函数计算热力学量。

词源 Etymology

canonical 源自希腊语 kanōn(“规则、标准”),引申为“遵循标准形式的”;ensemble 来自法语,意为“整体、集合”。合起来表示“按某种标准条件(此处是固定温度)规定的状态集合”,因此译作“正则系综”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作 Literary Works

  • Statistical Mechanics(R. K. Pathria & Paul D. Beale):在介绍系综理论与配分函数时频繁使用该术语。
  • Thermal Physics(Charles Kittel & Herbert Kroemer):用正则系综推导玻尔兹曼分布与热力学关系。
  • Statistical Physics(Landau & Lifshitz):在系综方法与平衡统计理论章节中系统讨论。
  • An Introduction to Thermal Physics(Daniel V. Schroeder):以教学方式讲解正则系综与配分函数的应用。
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