V2EX big o

Big O

释义 Definition

Big O(大 O 记号):用于描述算法或函数在输入规模增大时的增长上界(常指时间复杂度或空间复杂度),强调“规模趋于无穷大时的主要增长趋势”,忽略常数与低阶项。也常泛指“复杂度等级”(如 *O(n)O(n log n)O(n)*)。

发音 Pronunciation

/b o/

例句 Examples

Big O helps me estimate how fast an algorithm is.
Big O 帮助我估算一个算法有多快。

Although both solutions work, the second one has better Big O behavior as the dataset grows, because it runs in O(n log n) instead of O(n).
虽然两种方案都能用,但当数据集变大时,第二种方案的 Big O 表现更好,因为它是 O(n log n) 而不是 O(n)。

词源 Etymology

Big O 来自数学中的Landau 记号(Landau notation),由德国数学家 Edmund Landau 推广,用字母 O 表示“数量级/阶(order)”的上界概念。后来在计算机科学中被广泛用于刻画算法复杂度,因此常以 “Big O” 的称呼出现。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • Introduction to Algorithms(《算法导论》,Cormen/Leiserson/Rivest/Stein)用 Big O 系统讲解渐近复杂度与算法分析。
  • The Art of Computer Programming(《计算机程序设计艺术》,Donald E. Knuth)讨论算法分析与渐近记号(含 Big O 的思想与用法)。
  • Concrete Mathematics(《具体数学》,Graham/Knuth/Patashnik)在离散数学与算法分析语境中使用渐近记号(含 Big O)。
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