V2EX almost surely

Almost Surely

释义 Definition

几乎必然;(概率论)“几乎处处成立”:表示某件事发生的概率为 1(但仍可能在极少数“例外点”不发生)。在日常英语里也可泛指“十有八九、几乎肯定”,但在数学语境中含义更严格。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/lmost rli/

例句 Examples

It will almost surely rain tonight.
今晚几乎肯定会下雨。

Under these assumptions, the algorithm almost surely converges to the correct solution as the sample size grows.
在这些假设下,随着样本量增大,该算法几乎必然收敛到正确解。

词源 Etymology

almost 源自古英语相关形式,表示“几乎、差一点”;surely 来自 sure(“确定的”)加副词后缀 -ly(“以……方式”)。两者组合成 almost surely,字面即“几乎确定地”。在 20 世纪概率论发展中,它被固定用作术语,对应“概率为 1”的严格表述(也常写作 with probability 1)。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作 Notable Works

  • Andrey Kolmogorov, Foundations of the Theory of Probability(《概率论基础》):以“almost surely/with probability 1”表述几乎处处成立的事件。
  • William Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications(《概率论及其应用导论》):大量使用 “almost surely” 描述极限定理与随机过程性质。
  • Patrick Billingsley, Probability and Measure(《概率与测度》):在收敛概念(如 a.s. 收敛)与测度论框架中系统使用该短语。
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