V2EX allele

Allele

定义 Definition

Allele(等位基因)是指位于同源染色体相同位置上的基因的不同形式。每个生物体从父母双方各继承一个等位基因,它们共同决定某一特定性状的表现。

发音 Pronunciation

/lil/

例句 Examples

Every person carries two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
每个人的每个基因都携带两个等位基因,分别来自父母双方。

The researchers discovered that a rare allele of the gene was strongly associated with resistance to the disease, opening new possibilities for targeted therapies.
研究人员发现该基因的一个罕见等位基因与疾病抗性密切相关,为靶向治疗开辟了新的可能性。

词源 Etymology

Allele 源自希腊语 allēlōn,意为"彼此的、相互的"。该词最初的完整形式是 allelomorph(等位形态),由英国遗传学家威廉贝特森(William Bateson)在20世纪初引入,后来被缩写为 allele,沿用至今。这个词的核心含义反映了同一基因座上不同形式之间"相互对应"的关系。

相关词汇 Related Words

文学与学术作品 Literary & Academic References

  • 理查德道金斯(Richard Dawkins)在《The Selfish Gene》(自私的基因)中大量使用该词,讨论等位基因如何在自然选择中竞争。
  • 格雷戈尔孟德尔(Gregor Mendel)的经典遗传学实验虽未使用 allele 一词,但其发现的显隐性遗传规律正是等位基因概念的基础,后被写入无数遗传学教材。
  • 悉达多穆克吉(Siddhartha Mukherjee)在《The Gene: An Intimate History》(基因传)中用通俗易懂的方式解释了等位基因在人类遗传与疾病中的角色。
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